Noun Clause

Pengertian noun clause

Noun clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai nomina. Karena fungsinya sebagai nomina, maka noun clause dapat menduduki posisi-posisi berikut:

1. Subjek kalimat (subject of a sentence)
2. Objek verba transitif (object of a transitive verb)
3. Objek preposisi (object of a preposition)
4. Pelengkap (complement)
5. Pemberi keterangan tambahan (noun in apposition)

Untuk lebih jelasnya, perhatikanlah contoh-contoh di bawah ini

Contoh:
What you said doesn’t convince me at all.
How he becomes so rich makes people curious.
What the salesman has said is untrue.
That the world is round is a fact.

Contoh:
I know what you mean.
I don’t understand what he is talking about.
He said that his son would study in Australia.
Verba yang dapat diikuti noun clause dalam hal ini that-clause antara lain adalah:
admit : mengakui
realize : menyadari
announce : mengumumkan
recommend : menganjurkan
believe : percaya
remember : ingat
deny : menyangkal
reveal : menyatakan, mengungkapkan
expect : mengharapkan
say : mengatakan
find : menemukan
see : melihat
forget : lupa
stipulate : menetapkan
hear : mendengar
suggest : menganjurkan
inform : memberitahukan
suppose : mengira
know : tahu, mengetahui
think : pikir, berpendapat
promise : berjanji
understand : mengerti
propose : mengusulkan
wish : ingin, berharap

Noun clause sebagai objek preposisi

Contoh:
Please listen to what your teacher is saying.
Budi pays full attention to how the native speaker is pronouncing the English
word.
Be careful of what you’re doing.

Noun clause sebagai pelegkap

Contoh:
The good news is that the culprit has been put into the jail.
This is what I want.
That is what you need.

Noun clause sebagai noun in apposition

Contoh:
The idea that people can live without oxygen is unreasonable.
The fact that Rudi always comes late doesn’t surprise me.

Conditional Sentences

Conditional sentences

Conditional Sentences (Type 1)

conditional sentences (kalimat pengandaian). Conditional sentences terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu subordinate clause (if-clause) yang merupakan pernyataan syarat dan main clause yang merupakan akibat terpenuhi atau tidaknya syarat yang terkandung dalam subordinate clause.
Conditional sentences ada tiga jenis. Berikut ini akan kita bahas satu-persatu :
if clause : simple present tense
main clause : simple future tense
Pada tipe 1 ini suatu tindakan dalam main clause akan terjadi bila syarat dalam if-clause terpenuhi.

Example :
If I have a lot of money, I will buy a new car.

Conditional Sentences (Type 2)
if clause : simple past tense
main clause : past future tense (S + would + V1)
Tipe ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan/keadaan yang berlawanan/ bertentangan dengan kenyataan pada saat ini. Sebenarnya syarat dalam if-clause bisa saja terpenuhi, tetapi kemungkinannya sangat kecil.
Example :
If you studied hard, you would pass the exam.
(Real fact : You don’t study hard.)

Conditional sentence type 3
if clause : past perfect tense (S + had + V3)
main clause : past future perfect (S + would have + V3)
Conditional sentence type 3 ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu syarat yang tidak mungkin lagi dipenuhi karena waktunya telah berlalu. Dengan kata lain, kenyataan bertentangan/berlawanan dengan keadaan di masa lampau.
Example :
If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.
(Real fact : I didn’t study hard, so I didn’t pass the exam.
Atau, I didn’t pass the exam because I didn’t study hard.)

Conditional Sentence Type 1

→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.

Example: I will send her an invitation if I find her address.

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Present und will-Future on how to form negative sentences.

Conditional Sentence Type 2

→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

Conditional Sentence Type 3

→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.
Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)

Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

SUMBER : http://achmooo.blogspot.com/2009/11/conditional-sentences.html

                   http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences

Penyalahgunaan Tehnologi Canggih

Artikel tentang : Penyalahgunaan Tehnologi Canggih

Artikel tentang : Penyalahgunaan Tehnologi Canggih

Pada zaman globalisasi seperti sekarang ini, kita dituntut untuk mampu manggunakan tehnologi canggih agar kita dapat bersaing dengan negara lain. Banyak tehnologi yang sudah canggih seperti sebelum nya kita menulis secara manual sekarang kita bisa menggunakan komputer atau lebih praktis nya kita bisa menggunakan laptop yang bisa di bawa kemana mana dengan tidak menggunakan banyak tempat, masih banyak tehnologi canggih lain nya seperti dahulu kita mengirim surat sekarang kita menggunakan SMS bahkan telfon.

Seperti komputer, Komputer kini sudah menjadi benda yang umum. Setiap hari, kita mungkin berhubungan dengan benda ini. Komputer dan Internet telah banyak membantu pekerjaan Anda. Kemudahan mencari informasi. kita dengan mudah memperoleh banyak informasi dengan ada nya internet. 

Atau penggunaan smartphone seperti contoh nya : Blackberry, I-Phone, android dan lain-lain kita bisa mengakses nya seperti untuk berhubungan dengan kerabat dengan sangat mudah dengan ada nya fasilitas aplikasi seperti contoh nya BBM (BlackBerry Messanger) atau Video Call dan lain-lain.

Namun dengan ada nya tehnologi canggih seperti komputer, internet, dan smartphone banyak yang menyalahgunakan tehnologi canggih tersebut seperti penggunaan internet yang kurang terkontrol untuk anak-anak di bawah umur, sudah banyak kejadian contohnya banyak anak-anak yang membuka situs situs yang seharusnya tidak dibuka,namun nyatanya mereka dengan mudah mengakses situs tersebut tanpa bimbingan orang tua. Ini yang membuat moral anak-anak bangsa menjadi rusak dan menimbulkan banyak kejadian kriminal yang terjadi setelah mereka membuka situs situs tersebut .Atau penggunaan smartphone yang berlebihan akan menimbulkan kemalasan, kalau sudah seperti ini gimana nasib banggsa kita kalau penerus generasi muda nya seperti ini.

 

Solusi dini yang harus kita cegah adalah dengan membimbing anak atau adik kita saat menggunakan tehnologi-tehnologi agar tetap  pada jalur yang benar agar tidak membuka situs yang seharus nya mereka tidak buka dan membatasi penggunaan smartphone agar penggunaan nya tidak berlebihan.

                                                                             -Rusliana (1EA04)

  (16211501)

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains a subject (explicit or implied) and a predicate, and it modifies a verb.

• I saw Joe when I went to the store. (explicit subject I)
• He sat quietly in order to appear polite. (implied subject he)

According to Sidney Greenbaum and Randolph Quirk, adverbial clauses function mainly as adjuncts or disjuncts. In these functions they are like adverbial phrases, but due to their potentiality for greater explicitness, they are more often like prepositional phrases (Greenbaum and Quirk,1990):

• We left after the speeches ended. (adverbial clause)
• We left after the end of the speeches. (adverbial prepositional phrase)

Contrast adverbial clauses with adverbial phrases, which do not contain a clause.

• I like to fly kites for fun.

Adverbial clauses modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. For example:

• Hardly had I reached the station when the train started to leave the platform.

The adverbial clause in this sentence is "when the train started to leave the platform" because it is a subordinate clause and because it has the trigger word (subordinate conjunction) "when".

 

PENGERTIAN DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA

Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction(kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).

Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:

1. Clause of Time

Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction(kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.Contoh:Shut the door before you go out.You may begin when(ever) you are ready.While he was walking home, he saw an accident.By the time I arrive, Alex will have left. No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.

2. Clause of Place

Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctionseperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.Contoh:They sat down wherever they could find empty seatsThe guard stood where he was positioned.Where there is a will, there is a way.Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.Go where you like.

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yangsaling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as thetime, dll.Contoh:As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.Although it is late, we’ll stay a little longer.He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student

Kinds of adverbial clauses

kind of clause	common conjunctions	function	example
time clauses	when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,till, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "when?"); hardly, scarcely, no sooner, etc.	These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.	Her goldfish died when she was young.
conditional clauses	if, unless, lest	These clauses are used to talk about a possible or counterfactual situation and its consequences.	If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.
purpose clauses	in order to, so that, in order that	These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.	They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard.
reason clauses	because, since, as, given	These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.	I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much.
result clauses	so...that	These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.	My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed.
concessive clauses	although, though, while	These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.	I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now.
place clauses	where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "where?")	These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.	He said he was happy where he was.
clauses of manner	as, like, the way	These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.	I was never allowed to do things as I wanted to do them.

Sumber                : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbial_clause

                http://www.scribd.com/lelosrh/d/18307242-Adverb-Clause